Packt.Nginx.HTTP.Server.3rd.Edition

nginx location匹配优先级

• location blocks with the = modifier: If the specified string exactly matches

  the requested URI, Nginx retains the location block.

  匹配使用=的严格相等的路径

• location blocks with no modifier: If the specified string exactly matches the

  requested URI, Nginx retains the location block.

  匹配严格相等的无匹配符号的路径，例如 location /abc {…}，请求正好为/abc

• location blocks with the ^~ modifier: If the specified string matches the

  beginning of the requested URI, Nginx retains the location block.

  匹配以路径开头的请求

• location blocks with ~ or ~* modifier: If the regular expression matches the

  requested URI, Nginx retains the location block.

  匹配包含的路径，*为不区分大小写规则

• location blocks with no modifier: If the specified string matches the

  beginning of the requested URI, Nginx retains the location block.

  匹配无匹配符号的路径，例如 location /api {…}

功能模块

• nginx ssi可以当服务端渲染
• 可以连memcache
• 可以裁剪或旋转等处理图片
• 可以连Email服务
• 可以修改，替换代理内容
• 可以操作xslt
• stub_status 监控nginx简单状态
• WebDAV协议扩展

其他

• 后面有几章都是apache到nginx的迁移，铁了心要挖apache墙脚

• 后端负载均衡主题

  在upstream中可以用has $cookie_username将cookie中同一个username值的请求都使用同一个后端连接

  stream module可以代理tcp请求，写法和代理http的upstream一模一样

常用语法注意点：

• Having try_files and the if statements in the same location block is not

  recommended as the try_files directive will, in most cases, be ignored.

  try_files与if尽量不要在一个location中使用，大多数情况下try_files会失效。

• Some directives are theoretically allowed within the if block, but can create

  serious issues—for instance, proxy_pass and fastcgi_pass . You should

  keep those within the location blocks.

  理论上一些指令可以放到if里，但会引起一些严重的问题，比如proxy_pass与fastcgi_pass，应放到location中。

• You should avoid using the if blocks within a location block that captures

  regular expression patterns from within its modifier.

  避免在使用正则的location中使用if

• 总结：能不用if就不用if

  • 最后本书推荐精通指南 Mastering Nginx by Dimitri Aivaliotis, and

    NGINX High Performance, by Rahul Sharma，Nginx

    modules: Nginx Module Extension (by Usama Dar)